
一、选取砧木
砧木选取华北地区广为栽培的白榆,要求生长健壮,干形良好,三至六年生的大苗。在春季发芽前,按照要求高度约2至2.5m截去树头,横截面直径以2至5㎝为佳。
二、采接穗
jiesuidecaijihezhuzang:longzhuayujiesuiyou2zhong,dongsuihechunsui。zhei2zhongjiesuizaijiajiefanzhizhongdoushiyong。dongsuixujingguodiwenzhuzang;chunsuizekesuicaisuijie,danyaozhangwohaoshiji。
1、dongsuidecaijihezhuzangxuanyonglongzhuayudangniansheng、yabaoman、jiejianzhangdushizhong、chongfenmuzhihuadezhitiao,jianxiadejiesuikeyonggouzangfajinxingzhuzang。xuanzedishijiaogaochu,paishuilianghao,tuzhishusong,beiyangdedifang,washenhekuangelmzuoyoudezhuzanggou,goudezhangdukeshijiesuideshuliangerding。zaigoudipuhouyue20㎝deshisha,ranhouzaipushangyicengjiesui,yicengshisha,yicengjiesui。
2、春穗的采集和贮藏春穗是树液已开始流动,冬芽刚开始生长的时候,选用1—2年生枝条,抹去生长过大的叶,剪成10一15㎝长的接穗,捆扎成把,将基部浸人水中约1—3㎝,随接随取。
三、嫁接
1、jiajiexuanyongzhijiefa,zai5yuezhongxiaxun,shuyejikaishiliudong,lipideqingkuangxia,keyongpijiefahuochapijiefa,danyipijieweijia。jiesuidai2zhi3geya,zaijibuyonglidaoxuecheng2zhi2.5㎝zhangdepinghuaxiemian,zaiyonglidaojiangzhenmuqingqingpikai;qianrujiesui,xingchengcengduiqi,jiesuixiemiangaochuzhenmujiemian0.2㎝。ruoyongchapijiefa,jiesuixiabuxiemianyaoxuechengyimianwei2zhi2.5㎝dezhangxiemian,yimianwei0.5㎝zhangdeduanxiemian,ranhouyongdaotiaokaizhenmupiceng。guduigucharujiesui,yaoqiujiesuixiemianlubai0.2㎝,yiliyuchenghuo。jiehaohouyongsuliaomojiangjiekoujizhenmuhengjiemianbaoyanbaojin,ranhoutaoshangsuliaodai。genjuzhenmucuxi,meikeshukejie1zhi4gejiesui。
2、接后15天检查,成活者可将砧木萌芽全部抹去,不成活者抹去弱芽,保留三五个壮芽,待下次补接,成活苗一个月后解除包扎物,解除时一定选取阴天时或晴天的傍晚,否则易造成刚放出来的嫩芽不适应外面的干热气候而死亡。当接穗上的芽长至30㎝长后,就要开始有选择地绑支撑物,防止大风刮掉接穗。
四、管理
嫁接苗要加强肥水的供应,促使其早发芽,发壮芽,注意修剪,抹去砧木上发出的原白榆芽,调整树枝的伸展方向,使冠形端正,不出现偏头。
五、整形
longzhuayuyibandouyaoqiuzhenglichengsanzhuang。dingzhihougenjuzhitiaoshengzhangkuai、naixiujiandetedian,zhengxingxiuzhijinxingzaoxing。duizhujuxiao、kongjianshaodezhizhutongguobangzha,yiqiangcuruo,jiuzhengpianguan,shizhitiaojunyunxiachuishengzhang。dangchuizhijiejindimianshi,conglidimian30zhi50limichuzhouweijianqi,qiwaixingrutongyigelvseyuanzhuti,henyoutese