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白蜡树的培育技术

   2014-07-12 769
核心提示:白蜡喜温暖湿润气候.喜光.对土壤要求不严,黄壤、黄棕壤等土壤上均能生长。栽培技术用种子及扦插繁殖、种子繁殖。
 白蜡,别名:中国蜡;虫蜡等。双子叶植物纲,木犀科白蜡树属,北自中国东北中南部,喜湿润,多分布于山洞溪流旁,生长快。

形态:落叶乔木,树冠卵圆形,树皮黄褐色。小枝光滑无毛。奇数羽状复叶,对生,小叶5--9枚,通常7枚,卵圆形或卵状披针形,长3--10厘米,先端渐尖,基部狭,不对称,缘有齿及波状齿,表面无毛,背面沿脉有短柔毛。是一种名贵天然药物原料。
 

培育栽培技术:

1.种实采集:

 白蜡树4~5月开花,9~10月成熟。选择生长健壮、无病虫害的优良植株,在翅果由绿色变为黄褐色,种仁发硬时采摘。种子成熟后不落,可剪下果枝,晒干去翅,去除杂物,将种实装入容器内,放在经过消毒的低温、干燥、通风的室内进行贮藏。

       2.种子处理

        白蜡种子休眠期长,春季播种前必须先行催芽,催芽处理的方法有低温层积催芽和快速高温催芽。3月份播种前将种子用温水浸泡24小时,或混拌湿沙在室内催芽,待种子萌动后,可条播于苗床内,每1公顷需种子45kg
 

 3.zhengdibeiliao 

选择土壤疏松肥沃,排灌方便的沙壤土,播种前细致整地,做到平、松、匀、细。如沙土地、粘土地则采取有效的土壤改良措施,如多施有机肥料,大量混沙或客土,改善土的理化性状。将硫酸亚铁,混入20倍细土,均匀撒入苗床,可以防治苗木立枯病。
 

 4.qianchafanzhijiguanli:

    chunboyizao,yibanzai2yuexiaxunzhi3yueshangxunbozhong。kaigoutiaobo,mei667m2yongzhongliang3~4kg,shenduwei4cm,shenduyaojunyun,yingsuikaigou,suibozhong,suifutu,futuhoudu2~3cm。weishituzhongmijie,futuhoujinxingzhenya。

(1)qianchayumiao:chunji3yuexiaxunzhi4yueshangxunjinxing,qianchaqianxizhizhengdi,shizujifei,shiturangshusong,shuifenchongzu。congshengzhangxunsu,wubingchonghaidejianzhuangyoulingmushushangxuanqu1nianshengmengyazhitiao,yibanzhitiaocuduwei1cmyishang,zhangdu15~20cm,shangqiekoupingjian,xiaqiekouweimaerxing。meixuecha2~3gen,shichatiaofensankai,xingju40cm,zhuju20cm,chunchayishenmai,zashi、shaolutou,mei667pingfangmicha4000zhu。

(2)jiaoshui:chahoujingchanglinshui,baochiturangshirun,bingjishimoquxiabudeyouya,baozhengdingyazhengchangshengzhang,yinianshengmiaogaokeda40-50cm.miaogao80-100cmzuoyou, jikeyizaizaolin。

(3)chucao:benzhe“chuzao、chuxiao、chule”deyuanze,jishibachuzacao,chucaozuihaozaiyuhouhuoguangaihoujinxing,miaomujinrushengzhangshengqiyingjinxingsongtu,chuqiyiqian,houqishaoshen,yibushangmiaomugenxiweizhun。miaomuyinghuaqi,weicujinmiaomumuzhihua,yingtingzhisongtuchucao。

(4)shifei:miaomushifeiyingyijifeiweizhu,youmiaoqishidanfei,miaomusushengqiduoshidanfei、jiafeihuojizhongfeiliaopeiheshiyong,shengzhanghouqiyingtingshidanfei,duoshijiafei,zhuifeiyingyisuxiaoxingfeiliao(runiaosu、linsuanerqingjia、guolinsuangai)weizhu,shaoliangduoci

(5)jianmiao:weidiaozhengmiaomumidu,xujinxingjianmiaohebumiao。bailazhongziyumiaodepudi,yibanjianmiaoerci,jianmiaoyingliuyouqulie,chuqufayubuliangde、youbingchonghaide、youjixiesunshangdeheguoyumijidemiaozi。zuihaozaiyuhouturangshirunshijinxingjianmiao。

(6)fangzhi:binghaiyoumeiyanbing, fangzhixuzhuyitongfeng、touguang.chonghaiyouyachong、jieqiaochongdeng,keyongshiliuhejipensha;tangqijie,6-7yueyong50‰shamingsongxishi1000beiyepensa;tianniu keyongmianhuaqiuzhan80%didiweirujihuo40%leguoruji15-20beiyesairuchongkongdusha。

  

 

 
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