【地理分布】分布中国，朝鲜，日本等。我国东北、华北、西北及长江流域各地，黄 河流域为分布中心。

    【生态习性】阳性树种，不耐庇萌，耐寒性强.喜水湿，亦耐干旱。对土壤要求不严,但以肥沃、疏松、潮湿上壤最为适宜。根系 发达，主根深、侧根和须根分布较广。抗风力强，萌芽力强，生长迅 速。对乙炔、二氧化氮、乙醛、乙醇、醋酸、粉尘等有害物质抗性 较强。

    【绿化用途】绿化中常作为行道树和庭荫树。因抗污染性强.根系发达.耐湿，也宜作工厂绿化、四旁绿化及防护林等 树种。

   
    【苗木繁育】繁殖方法有扦插、播种、压条和分蘖等。扦插易 成活，成苗快.生产上多用。
扦插繁技

①yumiaodixuanqu：bozhongdixuanyongshusong、feiwo、paishuiliang haodesharangtu。buyizaidiwayilao、turangzhanzhonghuodixiashuiweiguogaodedifangyumiao。

②zhengdiyushifei：beifangdiquduozaiqiujijinxingshenfandi，shendu25—30limi，yichunjiedonghou，dinglingpadi2—3ci，paxipayun，zhengpingdimian。zuochenggaolong，longdikuan60limi，longmiankuan30limi，longgao15—20limi。jiehezuolongjizhongshizudifei，meimushirujingguochongfenfushudejiufei0．5—1wanqianke。

③种条的采集：柳属的一些绿化树种落叶较晚绿期长，因此种条采集一般在树木落叶后到早春树液流动前，即在树木处于休眠期中采集为好，这时种条内贮藏养分充足。

       ④插穗采集：于秋、冬季选择10〜40年生的健壮植株作母 树，从母树上采集当年生的壮枝剪成插穗。插穗长15〜20厘米、 粗丨〜2厘米,分级成捆，开沟沙藏，至翌春扦插。沙藏时沟底铺一 层细沙,将成捆插穗分层贮藏，最后用湿沙全部封没.上盖土，并设 有通气稻草把。

       ⑤chunjiqiancha：chunjiquchuchasuiqiancha。qianchaqian.xianjiangchasuijinshui 12〜24xiaoshi。qianchashenduweichasuizhangdeyiban。zhuxingjuwei50limifu 60limi。chahoulijiguanzushui，ge1tian、zaige3〜5tianfenbiejinxingdi2 ci、di3ciguanzushui，yihoushiturangganshiqingkuangshishijiaoshui。youmiaozhangzhi 15〜20limishi，xuanliu1gejianzhuangnenzhipeiyangweizhongxingan，qiyuzhitiaoquan bujianqu，jinxingsongtuchucao。miaogao1mishi，yaozhaichumiaogan2/3yixiadefen zhi、zhongjie2/3yishangdezhi，jianchujingzhengzhi，jiaqiangfeishuiguanli，jingguo2〜3 niankepeiyuchengdamiao。

  ⑥qianchadidemiaoqiguanli：

liushuqianchahouyaojishiyongdalifulong，jishiguan1citoushui，liyukanghanbaoshang，shibaozhengqianchamiaoshenggenchenghuodeguanjian。tongchangcaiqucefanggouguan。

jiaoshui：yihouyaogenjuqingkuang，shishiguangai，yibanquannianyaoguanshui6—7ci，yaogenjuqihouheturangqingkuangshishiheliguangai。yibanqingkuangxia，zhangwotoubianshuibaoguan，erbianshuiqianguan，youmiaofagendunmiaoqishaoguan，wangshengshengzhangsushengqiduoguan、qinguan，zhuifeihoujishiguanshui，shengzhanghouqiweicujinmiaomuchongfenmuzhihuayaotingzhiguanshuideyuanze。tongshi，yaozhuyiyujipaichupudijishui。

chucao：yumiaodiyaojishizhonggengchucao，zuodaoqinchan、qintang，baochiturangshusongwuzacao。yibanzaiguanshuihouhedayuguohouyaojishijinxingchantang。7yuexiaxunyihoushidangjianshao，8yuezhongxunjibentingzhi。chantangshiyaozhuyibushanggen，bupengshangmiaomubiaopiheya。

shifei：miaomujinrusushengqi(6—7yue)，meigebangeyuezhuishiyiciliusuanan，quannianzhuifei3—4ci，meicimushiliusuanan10qiankezuoyou。kaigoushirenhoujishiguanshui，shimiaomuchongfenxishou，“chibaohezu”，xunsushengzhang，fahuigengdadefeixiaozuoyong。houqiyoutiaojiankeshidangzhuishilinfei(guolinsuangai)。zhuifeibuyiguowan，8yuefenyihouzhuifeiyiyinqimiaomutuzhang，miaoshaomuzhihuachengducha，dongjiyichanshengdongshao，yingxiangmiaomuzhiliang。

zhaiyaxiuzhi：yibanqianchahouchasuidixiabufenshangweishenggen，dishangbufenjizhangchuhenduomengtiao，bixujishizaiqishangweimuzhihuaqianzhaiya(huochengchunie)，jianshaochasuishuifenheyangfendeguoduxiaohao。dangxinmiaozhangdao6-10limigaoshi，xuanzeyigecuzhuangduanzhidemengtiao，zhaichuqiyude，shiqijuyoumingxianzhugan。liushuzhuganshangyihenzaochouchucezhi，yaojishizhaiyaxiuzhi，yimianyingxianggaoshengzhang。zhaiyayaojinxingduoci，5-7yuejianchubaoliuzhugan3／5dezhitiaowai，yaozhaichumiaomushangdeyeya，yingjianyajiumo，congyadejibuhengxianglianyeyiqimodiao，wusiliebiaopi，yifangbingchongqinru。yibanzhaiyaxiuzhizuoyeyingyu8yueshang、zhongxuntingzhi，liuxiabufencezhi，yizhigaoshengzhang，cujinmiaoshaomuzhihua，quebaoanquanyuedong。

防虫：苗期易发生锈病，一般从发病初期每隔10—15天喷洒1次敌锈钠200倍液或波美0．3—0．5度的石硫合剂，连续喷洒2～3次。对透翅蛾，双尾天社蛾可用40％乐果乳剂1000倍液喷洒防治。对天牛用50％马拉松乳剂500倍液或50％百治屠乳剂1000倍液喷洒防治。　　
   

 2、chabofa

生产上常用大枝埋插以代替大苗.特称“插干”或插“柳棍”。
    播种繁殖旱柳为雌雄异株。花期4月，果熟期4〜5 月，当蒴果由绿色变为黄绿色时苗木种子成熟。苗木种子成熟期短，要及时 采收。宜从10〜15年生、生长健壮的母树匕采种。将采回的果实 在室内摊成薄层、晾干，要经常翻动.待蒴果开裂露出种絮时，用柳 条抽打.使苗木种子与种絮分离，经筛选获得纯净苗木种子。苗木种子寿命短。 千粒重约为0. 17克。
    duocaiyongsuicaisuibodefangfayumiao。    youmiaozhangchuyiduizhenyeshijianmiao。miaogao3〜5limishidingmiao。meipingfang miliumiao1 000〜1 500zhu。miaomushengzhangqibaozhengzugoushuifen，sushengqishiliang zhuifei，dangnianmiaogaokeda50〜100limi。