园林植物冻害成因及防护策略

       近年来，我国气候变化异常，经常出现秋冬季降温下雪提前、春季返暖后温度陡降及持续低温天气，使园林植物受到不同程度的冻害甚至死亡。为使植物安全越冬，防止和减少冻害，笔者根据多年对园林植物冻害问题的研究，提出了解决植物防冻、抗冻的方法，供读者参考。

 

低温冻害的表现

changjiandediwendonghaishizhidangwendujiangdaoyidingchengduhou，zhiwutiyejiebingyinqixibaojiandeshuifenjiebing，zhishishuishixiajiang，daozhixibaoneideshuifenxiangwaishentou，xibaozhinongduzhujianshenggao，xibaotijizhujiansuoxiao，zhizhixibaohezuzhizhujiansiwangdeguocheng。zheizhongdonghaiyechengxibaowaijiebingshanghai，qishizhishixibaoshishui。zhiwushoudonghouyepianyourutangshang，xibaoshiqupengzhang，zuzhiruanhua，yesebianhe，yanzhongzhegankusiwang。

 

受冻后不同部位的表现如下：

芽：huayashikanghannenglijiaoruodeqiguan，huayadonghaiduofashengzaichuchunshiqi，dinghuayakanghanlijiaoruo。

 

枝条：zhitiaodongshangchubianhehou，congbianhebuweiyishangdezhitiaozhujiangankusiwang，pibuliekaibianhetuoluo，danruguoxingchengcengweishoudongzehaikeyihuifu。tebieshichengshubuzudexianduanzhitiaoduiyanhanmingan，changxianfashengdonghai，qingzhesuibubianse，zhongzhezhitiaotuoshuigansuoshenzhidongsi。

 

主干：zhuganshoudonghouxingchengzonglie，yibanchengwei“donglie”，shupichengkuaizhuangtuolimuzhibu。

 

根颈和根系：genjingshoudonghou，shupixianbianseganku，picengguilieduizhizhuweihaida。genxijiaodishangbufennaihanlicha。genxishoudonghou，picengyumuzhibufenli。

 

叶片：yibanyepiandaerbodezhiwurongyishoudong，yepianxiao，lazhicenghoudeyepiankangdongnenglishaoqiang。yepianhanshuilianggaode、younenderongyishoudong，zhenggeshuguanzhongwaicengyebineicengyerongyishoudong，fengkouyebibeifengyerongyishoudong。

 

冻害原因分析

kangdongxingyushuzhongyouguan butongshuzhonghuotongyizhongdebutongpinzhongqikangdongnenglishibuyiyangde，zhangzisongbiyousongkangdong，yousongbimaweisongkangdong；yuanchanzhangjiangliuyudemeipinzhongbiguangdongdehuangmeikanghan。meizhongzhiwurennaijixiandiwenyebutong，ruguihuashiyi25℃zhi33℃dewenduxiashengzhang，bunai-15℃yixiadiwen；dangwendudiyuguihuanaishoudezuidiwendushijiangshoudaodonghai。

 

kangdongxingyutineitangfenyouguan kerongxingtangshizhiwudiyudiwendezhongyaobaohuxingwuzhi，nengjiangdibingdian，tigaoyuanshengzhidebaohunengli，baohudanbaizhijiaotibuzhiyuyulengbianxingningju。yinci，yixierenyetongguojizhiwubuchongzhetanglaitigaozhiwukangdongnengli，bimianhuojianqingdonghaidefasheng。

 

kangdongxingyuzhiwuxiumianchengduyouguan donghaidefashengyushumudexiumianhekanghanduanlianyouguan，yibanchuzaixiumianzhuangtaidezhizhukanghanliqiang，zhizhuxiumianyushen，kanghanliyuqiang。

 

kangdongxingyuzhiwushulingyouguan xiaomiaohedashudekangdongxingshiyouqubiede，shumudekanghanxingjiqiyingduihuanjingxieponenglidouhuisuizheshulingzengzhangerzengqiang。xinzaideshuhuoyoushuyingenxixiaoerwang，yishoudonghai，erdashuzexiangduikanghan。

 

kangdongxingyuwendudebianhuayouguan yibanjingguodiwenduanlian，qiezuidiwendujidiwendechixushijianzaizhiwunaishoufanweineidezhiwubuyishoudong。ruguojiangwenfuduguoda、chaochushumunaijixiandediwen、diwenchixushijianzhang，shengwenfuduyouguokuai，jianghuidaozhizhiwuchuxianhuimiexingdeshanghai。

 

kangdongxingyuzhongzhiturangyouguan zhongzhizainianxingturangdeshuzhongjiaoshazhiturangdeshuzhongkanghan，zhongzhizaizhidifeiwoturangdeshuzhongjiaozhidipinjiturangdeshuzhongnaihan。

 

kangdongxingyutineishifouyoubinghexijunyouguan binghexijunhuishishutidetiyeguozaojiebing，xiangduieryanbunaidiwen，jiyiyinqizhiwushoudong。zaiziranjie，youyuzhiwubiaomiancunzaiyixiebinghexijun，shishuihenkuaijiebing。ruguomeiyouzheizhongyemianxijundecunzai，zhiwukeyiguolengdaogengdidewenducaijiebing，ruyumikeyiguolengdaolingxia5℃，zhizhubiaomiancaijiebing。

 

园林植物抗冻技术及措施

shidishishudezhongzhiyuanze congdonghaidiaochalaikan，shoudonghaisiwangdeshuzhongjihushiwailaishuzhonghuobianyuanshuzhong。jinnianlai，gedimangmuzhuiqiuyidifengqing、nanshubeiyi，daliangyinjinwailaishuzhonghuobianyuanshuzhong，daozhishiyingnenglidi，shoudonghaiyanzhong。xuanyongxiangtushuzhong，shiyinweixiangtushuzhongyoujiaohaodeyichuanxingheshiyingxing，duidiwenbiaoxianlianghaodedikangnengli。shiyongxiangtushuzhongcongyidingchengdushangkebimiandonghaizaochengdecantongsunshi。

   

donghaidebujiucuoshi zhenduishoudongshumudehuifu，jianyiduishousunyanzhongdezhitiao、yepianjinxingxiujian，ranhouyongfeiliaohediaojiejiquanzhudiaojiecujinshushihuifu，jutizuofawei：quanzhupenshuishiyemianfei，genbucugenhebufei，zhenduidaguigemiaomu，haixujiehecugenheshuyedechulifangfa，yemianpenfeishuyeshifangdonghedonghaihuifudeguanjiancuoshi。