从事植物分类工作者，需要常常区分天目琼花与风箱果dengzhiwu，bizhezaizhangqideyewaicaijiguochengzhong，jileilefengfudeshibiezhiwudejingyan，zheixiejingyangaikuoqilai，jiushiyong"kan"、"mo" 、"xiu" 、"chang"defangfa，duizhiwujinxingzonghedepanduan。
风箱果图片
yi、kan jiushixizhidiguanchazhiwudequanmao，zhangwoqiye、jing、hua、guohegendetedian。kandeneirongshizhiwudexing、se、yan、dian、mao、ci、chi、juanxujiduanmiandetezheng。"kan"shirenshizhiwuzuizhongyaodeshouduan。
(1)看形 植物的叶形是多种多样的。仅叶的全形，就有针形、条形、披针形、镰形、矩圆形、卵形、心形、肾形、圆形、三角形、菱形、葜形、匙形、扇形、提琴形、钻形、剑形、带形、管形、鳞形等二十多种。若看叶的顶端、基部、边缘、叶脉及叶序 ，那就更是丰富多彩了。正因如此，植物名称中，就有很多是依叶形而命名的。如半边旗的叶，上边无分裂，下边有梳状分裂，宛如古代的旗子一样；石莲花的基生叶莲座状，象一朵用粉蓝玉石雕琢而成的莲花；梵天花通称"狗脚迹"，其叶子如同狗的脚痕印在叶上；落地生根的叶边缘有芽眼，易落地生根发叶；半枫荷下面的叶半边象荷叶，半边象枫叶； 天目琼花，sanxingjusanhuaxudingsheng，jinmiduohua。。haiyoujinqiancao、zhangyerong、maanteng、maguamu、litoujian、pobuye、fojiacao、jinjijiao、wugongcao、majiazidengdeng ，doushigenjuyedetezhengmingmingde。
xuduozhiwuyouyushengzhanghuanjingdegaibianerfashengyedebianyihebiantai。rushanyinhua，zhizhuxiabuyechangyuzhuangfenlie，shangbuyequetuoyuanxing、quanyuan。shuimaogendechenshuiyeshisizhuangquanlie，qishengyequeshishenlie。
youxiezhiwuyoumiaoqihechengshuqideyebianyiyeshenda。ruganlandeyoumiaojipianfenchadeyewanruqiyeyizhihua。xiaoboyoumiaoqideyeziquanweiyexing，danzaiyihoudeshengzhangguochengzhong，zaizhangchudeyezhujianzhuanbianweicixing。
zhiwujingdetixingyegeyoutese。youdebiandexiangyaodai，rubiandanteng；youdechengsanjiaoxing，ruxiangfuzi、shuiwugong、xianshuicaodengshacaokezhiwu；youdechengsifangxing，rubohe、zisu、yimucaodengchunxingkezhiwu；erdaduoshuzhiwudejingshiyuanzhuxing。youxiezhiwu，jingshangdejiemingxianpengda，rujuechuangke、liaoke、hebenkeyijixiankedeniuxi、tuniuxidengdeng。youxiezhiwudeyeluohou，zaijingshangliuxiamingxiandeyehen，rumalian，mumian、dayehehuan、mushudeng，youqishimulanke、rongshuzhiwu，tamendezhitiaoyouhenduotuoyeyixiadehuanhen，shishibiezheixiekeshuzhiwudezhongyaotezhengzhiyi。rougui、houpo、duzhongdengzhiwujingdeshuanpihenhou，erbaiqiancengdeshupixianghenduobaizhiyiyang，yipianpiandiboluo。xuduozhiwujiushigenjujingdexingzhuangerdeming，ruxianrenzhang、bawangbian、zhujieliao、xiezhualan、guojiangteng、foduzhudengdeng。
植物花的形状也是多姿多彩，各有特色。半边莲的花开放时很象半边荷花，花冠偏在一侧；白鹤灵芝的花白色、唇形、花冠长筒状，生在叶腋或枝头，宛如成群展翅的白鹤。此外，天目琼花、yuyejinhua、hewanglan、yichuanhong、hongzhang、diaodenghua、mabiancao、jidanhua、yingzhua、xiuqiudengdengdoushiyihuadexingzhuangmingming。
tianmuqionghua|jishutiaotupian
zhiwuguoshidexingzhuangyehenfuza。shanzhimadeshuoguorutongjiazhongdezhima；suanpanzideguoshixiangxuduohongsedesuanpanzhu；denglongcaodeguoshibeipengdadehuaebaozangzhe，zhuangsidenglong；yangjiaoaolianggeshuangshengguoshilianzaiyiqixingsiyangjiao，leisiyangjiaoaodeguoshizaijiazhutaokeheluomokezhonghenchangjian。zaizhiwujiazuli，yiguoshixingzhuangmingmingdeyebushao，rulongzhuguo、renxinguo、jidanguo、foshougan、shegua、mopancao、yiheguo、daodou、boluomi、mianbaoshu、lachangshudengdeng。
xuduozhiwugendexingzhuangyehenyoutese。zimolidegenxingzhuangrulaoshu，guyou"rudilaoshu"zhisucheng；zhuzilidekuaigenfangchuixinghuoqiuxing，hensixiaozhuxingzhuang；wutoudegenchengbuguizeyuanzhuixing，lvewanqu，xingsiwuyatou。haiyoulongxuteng、jinmaogou、shanwugui、duoxugong、baiyanteng、quancan、tufulingdengdengdoushiyigendexingzhuangermingmingde。
(2)kanse youxiezhiwudeye、hua、baopianyansehenteshu，rangrenyikanjiurenshi。rusanbaicaokaihuashi，dingduansanpianyeziquanbianbai；yipinhongdongyuehuaji，dingduanjipianjiaoxiadeyeziquanbianhong；yanlaihongdeyeanzise，keshiqiutianyidao，dayannanfeideshihou，dingyebianweixianhongse，shifenzhuangguan；yuanyangmolihuachukaishizilanse，houbianweibaise。youxiewaixingxiangjindezhiwu，keyitongguobianseerqubie，rugougancaihehongsixianhenxiangsi，danqianzheyehenlv，ganhouhaishiqingde，houzheganhoubianhei。dongqingkeheweimaokezhiwudeyezihenxiangsi，danqianzhezaihuoshangyihonghuichuxianheisehuquan。ciwai，yisemingmingdezhiwuyouyexiahong、hongbeigui、zisu、hushehong、xuexian、huayeyu、sajinrong、yinbiansang、jinbianhuweilan、baobanzhuyudengdeng。
(3)看眼 植物叶子上的腺体，茎上的皮孔通称为"眼"。看"眼"可以区别叶形很相似的不同植物，如肖梵天花和刺蒴麻十分相似，但肖梵天花的叶柄顶部有一个凹陷的腺体，而与刺蒴麻区别；水团花和风箱树的花很相似，但因前者茎上有皮孔而区别。叶、茎长"眼"的植物不少，如巴豆、乌桕、山乌桕、梵天花、石栗、千年桐等植物叶柄均有腺体；银合欢、苦楝、梅叶冬青、裸花紫珠等植物茎上有皮孔。
银合欢图片
(4)kandian youxiezhiwudeyezishangsanshengzheyixietuqidezhidian。rudashayetouguangyikan，zhidianxiangxingxingyiyangbumanyemian，guyejiao"mantianxing"；hanfangxiangyouzhiwurutaojinniangke、yunxiangkedezhiwu，tamendeyepiansanbuyouhenduoyoudian，erzheiwangwangshibianshizhiwudeyiju。rujiulixianghemilandeyezihenxiangsi，wuhuashihennanqubie，danqianzheyepianzaiyangguangxiayikan，zhengyebumanleyoudian。
(5)kanmao mabiancaokehenduozhiwuzhi、yeshangshengyourongmao、rongmao、xingzhuangmao， ruyepipa、dayezizhu、hongzizhuzhiyeshengyourongmao；luohuazizhu、quanyuanzizhuzhiyeyouheserongmao；zhenzhufeng、duhonghuayebeimishenghuanghesexingzhuangmao。yimaomingmingdezhiwuyebushao，rumaoren、maodongqing、maoguosuanpanzi、maopaiqiancao、maoxiangsizi、maoyebiandou、nianmaohuanghuaren、jinmaoputao、maoyaohongdandengdeng。
(6)kanci yunxiangke、xiaoboke、qiangweike、wujiake、xianrenzhangkedezhiwuchangchangzhangyouci，youdehaiyincierdeming。ruyunxiangkedeledangyoujiao"yingbubo"，dongqingkedegouguyouming"niaobusu"，jieyintamendezhi、yezhangyouyingci，niaobunengzaishangmianluojiaozuowoerdeming。
(7)kanchi xuduozhiwudejing、yeyouchi。chijingbaifentengdejingzailengshangyouxiachi，liulengjudeyezixiayanchengbaojingdechi，huluchadeyebingyouchihenxiangdaofangdehulu，ganjieshuzhiwudeyebingyeduoshaoyouchi，zaiyedefenleishangjunshudanshenfuye。yanfumuheqishuhenxiangsi，danqianzhedeyeshangyouchikeyiyuhouzhequbie。
(8)kanjuanxu putaokezhiwuzaiyuhuazhiweizhixiangdangdedifangzhangchujuanxu，tashijingdebiantai，hulukezhiwudejingyehuibianweijuanxu，dantaqueweiyuyeyenei，zaiyeyeneizhangchujuanxudehaiyousumukeyangtijiashudexuduozhongzhiwu。youyebiantaiweijuanxuyebushao，ruwandoujibaqiakezhiwu。
(9)kanduanmian zaishibiezhiwushi，zheduangen、jing，guanchaqiduanmianshihenbiyaode。
duzhongdezhizheduanhoubudanyouruyeliuchu，haikejianbaisexisihepianzhuangxin；lichangdejingzheduanshi，shangkouliuchudezhiyechengheise；daxueteng、jixueteng、shanjixuetengqieduanhoudouhuiliuchuhongsexiangxueyiyangdezhiye，dandaxuetengshizhenggeduanmianliu，jixuetengshipixia、muzhidemeiyicengdouliu，shanjixuetengzhishipixialiu"xue"，erqieliuchuliangshao。
二、 摸 就是用手触摸、揉捻的办法来观察植物。很多植物经过一摸一揉很快就能够辩认出来，如锡叶藤的叶表面粗糙而且很涩，故又叫"涩叶藤"；木贼、笔管草的茎也很涩，可用来打磨金属，所以又叫"锉草"。有些植物摘叶后，叶子就流白色乳汁，如掌叶榕、薜荔、水同木、榕树、飞扬草、千根草、狗牙花、盆架树、番薯、铁榄、人心果等等。线纹香茶莱、黄花倒水莲、栀子、姜黄的叶子揉后有黄色的汁液；鳢肠的叶揉后液变为黑色；红丝线、风箱树、大红花的叶子撕烂后，用开水一泡就成红色；蓝果南五味子、潺稿树、大红花、黄葵、黄麻等植物的叶揉后有粘性；冬青科和卫矛科的植物叶柄拉断有胶质丝。
盆景榕树图片
san、xiu jiushiyongbizixiuyixiuzhiwugezhongqiguanfahuichulaideqiwei，genjubutongqiweilaijianbieleisizhiwu，changchangxuyaobayerousui、bokaiguoshi、qieduangenjing。rumaoshexiangyoushexiangdeqiwei；bohe、shanxiang、shanbohe、qiuhuamaoshexiangyoubohewei；ainaxiang、liulengjuyoubingpianwei；luole、maoluole、yexiangruyouxiangcaowei；yeyansui、tianhusuiyouyansuiwei；haifengteng、louyeyouhujiaolawei；luole、yuxingcaoyouyuxingwei；jishiteng、maojishitengrouyeyoujishichouwei；shancangzidegenjiyoudouchiqiweiyouyoujiangwei，guyou"douchijiang"zhicheng；zhang、huangzhang、yinxiangdeyejichaipizhangdegendouyouxiangzhangwei；xiangmaodeyerounianhouyoujiangwei；maodadingcaoyoumeiyouwei；zhentong、choumudan、choumolisanzhongzhiwuhenxiangsi，danzhentongdeyezibuchou，choumudandeyezihaimeiyourounianbianshifenchou，erchoumolideyezirounianhoucaijuchouwei。
si、chang jiushiyongzuishelaichangzhiwu，genjushe、houdeganjuelaibianbiezhiwu。yibanyingzaiyoujingyanderenzhidaoxiajinxing，tongchangweiliangeryoubutunyan，shiburongyiyinqizhongdude，danduimouxieduxingjiaodahuoshengwujianhanlianggaodezhiwu，rugouwen、yangjinhua、haiyu、tiannanxing、tubanxia、badou、baimuxiang(zhongzi)dengzhiwuqiewuchangshi。lajiao、hujiao、yingbubo、feilongzhangxue、shanrougui、jiulixiang、jiangleidengyouxinlawei；jinniukoudehuarui、liangmianzhendepi、jiulixiangdeyeziyoumashegan；kangbangui、machixian、zuojiangcao、suanguotengdeyeyousuanwei；sanyakuhechuanxinliandeye、tiedongqingdepi、huangliandegendouhenku；yuganzi、chengxingshudegenxiankuhoutian；yegancao、xiangsitengdeyeyouganwei；longxuteng、taojinniang、daxueteng、xiyeteng、fanshiliu、suanpanzidengdegenyousewei；erniudaliteng、zhuzilidegenyoushuwei。
马齿苋图片
